|
1990-1999 |
|
|
International Decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction (IDNDR)
·
Early warning described as a critical element of
disaster reduction
·
Resolution proclaiming the 1990´s as the
International Decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction (A/RES/44/236)
www.un.org/documents/ga/res/44/a44r236.htm
|
|
1991 |
|
|
The IDNDR's Scientific and Technical Committee
declared early warning as a programme target.
All countries were encouraged to ensure the
ready access to global, regional, national and
local warning systems as part of their national
development Targets to be attained by all
countries by 2000, as part of their plans to
achieve sustainable development, included ready
access to global, regional, national and local
warning systems and broad dissemination of
warnings. |
|
1992 |
|
June |
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (Earth Summit), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
·
Agenda 21 emphasises significance of early
warning for disaster reduction
www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc.htm
|
|
1994 |
|
May |
World Conference in Natural Disaster Reduction (WCNDR)
·
Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World: Guidelines
for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness
and Mitigation
www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-yokohama-strat-eng.htm
|
| |
|
|
Barbados Plan of Action for Small Island
Developing States
·
Emphasises significance of early warning for
disaster reduction
www.un.org/documents/ga/conf167/aconf167-9.htm |
|
1995 |
|
|
The
Secretary General Report A/50/526 provided a
review on early warning capacities of the United
Nations system with regard to natural disasters.
It stated that early warning is a universally
pursued and self-evident objective in
determining disaster reduction strategies.
IDNDR requested further examination of new
scientific and experimental concepts for
accurate and timely short-term forecasting in
order to give recommendations on the
applicability and development of effective early
warning systems in the context of international
cooperation.
Several expert working groups were established
to study different aspects of early warning: (i)
geological hazards, (ii) hydrometeorological
hazards including drought, (iii) fire and other
environmental hazards, (iv) technological
hazards, (v) earth observation, (vi) national
and local capabilities pertinent to the
effective use of early warning.
www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/a50-526.htm
|
|
1997 |
|
|
Publication of Guiding Principles for Effective
Early Warning
www.unisdr.org/ppew/whats-ew/pdf/guiding-principles-for-effective-ew.pdf
The
result of this multi-sectoral review was
presented in the Secretary General Report
A/52/561on improved effectiveness of early
warning systems with regard to natural and
similar disasters containing important elements
on the further development of disaster reduction
strategies, including early warning systems. |
|
1998 |
|
|
International Conference on Early Warning
Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction (EWC’98),
Potsdam, Germany
EWC’98 confirmed early warning as a core
component of national and international
prevention strategies for the 21st century. It
identified accomplishments and experiences best
suited to improve organisational relationships
and practical effectiveness for early warning
into the 21st century and major strengths and
weaknesses in early warning capacities around
the world. It stressed that effective early
warning depends upon a multi-sectoral and
interdisciplinary collaboration among all
concerned actors. Although based on scientific
and technology, early warning must be tailored
to serve people's needs, their environments, and
their resources. The Declaration of the Potsdam
Early Warning Conference was used as a basis for
early warning activities.
www.gfz-potsdam.de/ewc98 |
|
1999 |
|
Jul |
WMO/UNESCO
Sub-Forum on Science and Technology in support
of natural disaster reduction
Review of the contributions of science and
technology to the disaster reduction process,
including the operation of integrated early
warning systems. The advances during the last
decade were recognized and recommendations for
future actions were made. |
| |
|
Jul |
IDNDR Programme Forum, Geneva, Switzerland
·
Adoption of Strategy: A Safer World in the 21st
Century: Risk and Disaster Reduction
www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-safer-world-eng.htm
·
Adoption of Geneva Mandate on Disaster Reduction
www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-geneva-mandate-eng.htm
Strategy includes:
·
community participation and increase of
partnership activities, improvement of early
warning capacities and establishment of early
warning systems as integrated processes, with
particular attention to emerging hazards such as
climate change.
·
call for regional and international approaches
and collaborative and organizational
arrangements
·
call for links with the Agenda 21 implementation
process for enhanced synergy with environmental
and sustainable development issues |
| |
|
|
At its fifty-fourth session, the United Nations
General Assembly recognised the importance of
early warning as an essential element in the
culture of prevention, and encouraged renewed
efforts at all levels in this field. In
particular, the member states reaffirmed 'the
need for strengthening an international
framework for the improvements of early warning
systems and disaster preparedness by developing
an effective international mechanism for early
warning, including the transfer of technology
related to early warning to developing countries,
which ensures that vulnerable people receive
appropriate and timely information, as well as
expanding and improving existing systems, in
particular those under the auspices of the
United Nations, as an integral part of the
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
and within its framework for action.' General
Assembly resolution, entitled International
Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction: successor
arrangements (A/54/219). |
|
2000 |
|
|
Establishment of International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
·
Mandate includes strengthening of disaster
reduction capacities through early warning
·
General Assembly Resolution (A/RES/54/219)
www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/basic_docs/GA-resolution/a-res-54-219-eng.pdf
|
|
2001 |
|
Nov |
Establishment of the UN\ISDR Inter-Agency Task
Force Working Group 2 on Early Warning
·
First meeting of the UN\ISDR Working Group 2 -
Early Warning, Nairobi, Kenya
www.unisdr.org/eng/task%20force/tf-working-groups2-eng.htm
|
| |
|
Dec |
UN
General Assembly resolution on the
implementation of ISDR (A/56/68)
·
Confirms the importance of early warning to
reduce vulnerability
·
Identifies early warning as a priority area for
action and reaffirms the need to strengthen the
international framework for the improvement of
early warning systems.
·
Endorses the recommendations of the Secretary
General with regard to the 10-year review of the
Yokohama conference process
www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/basic_docs/SG-report/SG-report-may2001-eng.pdf
|
|
2002 |
|
Mar |
Expert Meeting on Early Warning and Sustainable
Development, Bonn, Germany, under the auspices
of the German Committee for Disaster Reduction (DKKV),
within the framework of the UN\ISDR.
|
| |
|
Aug |
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD),
Johannesburg, South Africa
·
Emphasises significance of early warning for
disaster reduction
Key
documents:
·
Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on
Sustainable Development
www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/documents/summit_docs/2309_planfinal.htm
www.johannesburgsummit.org
|
|
2003 |
|
Oct |
Second International Conference on Early Warning
(EWC II), Bonn, Germany
·
Launch of the International Early Warning
Programme (IEWP) dedicated to reducing the
impact of disasters through effective
‘people-centred’ early warning systems worldwide
based on the cooperation of partner
organizations.
·
Emphasised the need for integrating early
warning into relevant public policy.
·
Report: Early Warning as a Matter of Policy -
The Conclusions of the Second International
Conference on Early Warning
·
Report: Effective Early Warning to Reduce
Disasters: The Need for More Coherent
International Action
www.ewc2.org/upload/downloads/EW_programme.pdf
www.ewc2.org
|
| |
|
|
Establishment of the ISDR Asia Partnership (IAP)
for Disaster Risk Reduction
·
informal multi-stakeholder forum to facilitate
the coordinated and coherent implementation of
disaster risk reduction and the HFA in the Asia
region.
·
composed of four UN bodies (UNDP Regional Centre
Bangkok, UNESCAP, UNOCHA Regional Office for
Asia and Pacific, ISDR secretariat for Asia and
Pacific) and two regional organisations (ADRC
and ADPC). |
| |
|
|
Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction (IATF/DR)
·
Working Group 2 on Early Warning supports the
early warning activities of Inter-agency Task
Force members, the UN/ISDR Secretariat and other
relevant partners, with a view to facilitate a
more coordinated approach to improving early
warning; thereby, contributing to the overall
implementation of the International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction.
www.unisdr.org/eng/task%20force/tf-working-groups2-eng.htm
|
|
2004 |
|
|
Establishment of the ISDR Platform for the
Promotion of Early Warning (PPEW)
·
to help the development of early warning and
preparedness systems by advocating for better
early warning systems, especially in development
assistance policy and programs,
·
collecting and disseminating information on best
practices,
·
stimulating cooperation among early warning
actors,
·
develop new ways to improve early warning
systems.
http://www.unisdr.org/ppew
|
|
2005 |
|
Jan |
World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR),
Kobe, Japan
·
Early warning highlighted as one of the major
elements of disaster risk reduction.
·
Early warning recognized as an effective tool to
reduce vulnerabilities and to improve
preparedness and response to natural hazards
·
Special thematic session on People-centered
early warning systems
www.unisdr.org/wcdr/thematic-sessions/thematic-reports/report-session-2-7.pdf
·
Adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action
2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations
and Communities to Disasters
www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm
·
Launch of the International Early Warning
Programme (IEWP)
·
Establishment of the Intergovernmental
Coordination Group (ICG)
·
Initiation of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Early
Warning System (IOTWS)
·
Report: World Conference on Disaster Reduction,
18-22 January 2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
www.unisdr.org/wcdr |
| |
|
Jan |
Phuket Ministerial Meeting on Regional
Cooperation on Tsunami Early Warning
Arrangements, Phuket, Thailand |
| |
|
Jan |
UNESCO-IOC establishes interim tsunami advisory
information system, in cooperation with the
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in the USA
and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). |
| |
|
Jan |
International Meeting to Review the
Implementation of the Programme of Action for
the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States, Port Louis, Mauritius
·
Report emphasises significance of early warning
for disaster reduction (A/CONF.207/11)
www.un.org/smallislands2005/documents/documents.html
|
| |
|
Jan |
United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Flash Appeal 2005
for Indian Ocean Earthquake – Tsunami includes
dedicated funds for early warning |
| |
|
Feb |
·
Adoption of resolution on Natural disasters and
vulnerability (A/RES/59/233)
www.unisdr.org/ppew/whats-ew/pdf/59-233.pdf
·
Adoption of resolution on international
cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the
field of natural disasters, from relief to
development (59/212)
www.unisdr.org/ppew/whats-ew/pdf/59-212.pdf
|
| |
|
Apr |
Second International Coordination Meeting for
the Development of a Tsunami Warning and
Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean, Grand
Baie, Mauritius
·
Indian Ocean Member States were invited to
prepare project proposals for the development of
national tsunami warning and mitigation systems
·
Adoption of Mauritius Declaration invites the
countries of the Indian Ocean to complete an
assessment of their requirements and capacity
needs for an effective and durable national
tsunami warning and mitigation system and the
development of appropriate national strategic
plans. |
| |
|
May |
Global survey of early warning systems
undertaken with a view to advancing the
development of a global early warning system for
all natural hazards at the request of the United
Nations Secretary-General.
www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf
|
| |
|
May-Sep |
IOC, WMO and the UN/ISDR conduct national
assessments of 16 countries in the Indian Ocean
to identify capacity building needs and support
requirements for developing an IOTWS (Bangladesh,
Comoros, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia,
Mauritius, Myanmar, Mozambique, Oman, Pakistan,
Seychelles, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and
Thailand). |
| |
|
Jun |
Twenty-third Session of the IOC Assembly |
| |
|
Jul |
G8
Gleneagles Summit, Scotland
·
G8 Response to the Indian Ocean Disaster, and
Future Action on Disaster Risk Reduction to
support international efforts to improve global
early warning capacity.
www.unisdr.org/eng/media-room/press-release/2005/PostG8_Gleneagles_Tsunami.pdf
|
| |
|
Aug |
First Session of the ICG/IOTWS, Perth, Western
Australia
Establishment of Working Groups on
·
Seismic measurement, data collection and
exchange;
·
Sea level data collection and exchange,
including deep-sea tsunami detection instruments;
·
Tsunami hazard identification and
characterisation, including modelling,
prediction and scenario development; and
·
The establishment of a system of interoperable
operational centres. |
| |
|
Aug |
Initiation of US-IOTWS Programme
·
Focus on Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand,
the Maldives
·
Regional-level activities encompassing all 28
Indian Ocean countries |
| |
|
Dec |
Second Session of the ICG/IOTWS, Hyderabad,
India
·
Establishment of a Working Group on Risk
Assessment.
·
Proposal for a Working Group on Mitigation,
Preparedness and Response.
·
Adoption of actions for all working groups. |
| |
|
|
Establishment of the Multi-donor Voluntary Trust
Fund on Tsunami Early Warning Arrangements in
the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia through
resources from the Governments of Thailand and
Sweden. |
| |
|
|
UNDP launches a regional programme for capacity
building for sustainable development and
disaster risk reduction |
|
2006 |
|
Mar |
General Assembly on the International Strategy
for Disaster Reduction
·
Resolution adopted at General Assembly (A/RES/60/195)
·
Resolution adopted on natural disasters and
vulnerability (A/RES/60/196) |
| |
|
Mar |
Third International Conference on Early Warning
(EWC III), Bonn, Germany
·
Roundtable on Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and
Response System;
·
Establishment of Indian Ocean Consortium (IO
Consortium) of seven international organisations
under the coordination of UNISDR intended to
facilitate and help Indian Ocean Member States
to implement the national TWS;
Key
documents:
·
Report: Early Warning – From concept to action.
The Conclusions of the Third International
Conference on Early Warning
·
Report: Developing Early Warning Systems: A
Checklist
·
Report: Global Survey of Early Warning Systems
·
Report: Compendium of Early Warning Projects
www.ewc3.org
|
| |
|
May |
Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems
for Integrated Disaster Risk Management, WMO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland |
| |
|
Jul |
Meeting on Regional Cooperation on Early Warning Arrangement,
Preparedness and Mitigation of Natural Hazards,
Bangkok, Thailand |
| |
|
Jul |
Third Session of the ICG/IOTWS, Bali, Indonesia
·
Endorsement of IOTWS Implementation Plan |
|
2007 |
|
Feb |
Fourth Session of the ICG/IOTWS, Mombasa, Kenya |
| |
|
Mar |
International Early Warning Programme (IEWP)
Advisory Group Meeting First session, Bonn,
Germany
·
Launch of IEWP Strategic Plan 2007-2009
|
| |
|
June |
First meeting of the Global Platform for
Disaster Risk Reduction (GP/DRR), Geneva,
Switzerland
·
Platform aims to strengthen ISDR system |
| |
|
Dec |
US-IOTWS
Program transition workshop to Indian Ocean
partners
·
US Government and UNESCO/IOC co-sponsored forum
to review progress and
discuss strategies for sustaining activities
with national and regional partners.
Key
documents:
Report: Proceedings: Workshop on the Transition
of the US IOTWS Program to Indian Ocean Partners
www.iotws.org/ev_en.php?ID=2850_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC
|
| |
|
|
Expansion of the ISDR Asia Partnership (IAP) for
Disaster Risk Reduction to include other UN
agencies and regional bodies, as well as donors,
inter-governmental organisations and civil
society. The IAP supports the Asia Regional
Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (RP/DRR). |
|
2008 |
|
Jan |
UN/ISDR Report: Indicators of Progress: Guidance
on Measuring the Reduction of Disaster Risks and
the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for
Action |
| |
|
Apr |
Fifth Session of the ICG/IOTWS, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia |
| |
|
Nov |
Official launch of the German-Indonesian Tsunami
Warning System (GI-TEWS), Jakarta, Indonesia
www.gitews.org
|
| |
|
Nov |
International Conference on Tsunami Warning (ICTW),
Bali, Indonesia |
|
2009 |
|
Apr |
Sixth Session of the ICG/IOTWS, Hyderabad, India
ww.iode.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewEventRecord&eventID=433
|
| |
|
May |
UN/ISDR
Report: 2009 Global Assessment Report on
Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR)
·
The Report provides evidence to demonstrate how,
where and why disaster risk is increasing
globally and presents key findings from a global
analysis of disaster risk patterns and trends,
including where high mortality and economic loss
is concentrated.
www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/report/index.php?id=9413
|
| |
|
May |
Second Experts’ Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early
Warning Systems, Toulouse, France
www.wmo.int/pages/prog/drr/events/MHEWS-II/index_en.html
|
