(Component 1)
Uttar Pradesh being a large state with varied geo-climactic conditions, it was decided that TA activities be focused on the overall policy issues at state level, and all other TA inputs be centered on improving flood management and mitigation within the state, particularly the eastern districts, which are more vulnerable to floods. There was some work done towards planning for Industrial hazards in Kanpur district as well.
A major achievement in the state was the preparation and presentation to the government of various options for institutional arrangements for disaster management in Uttar Pradesh. This was reviewed by concerned officials and consensus emerged in a workshop on ‘Institutional Arrangements and Planning for Disaster Management in Uttar Pradesh‘ in December 01. This was the basis for an enhanced Commissionerate of Disaster Management with enhanced technical manpower that was endorsed and is now being submitted to the Uttar Pradesh Cabinet for acceptance. So too, the establishment of a Disaster Management Cell in UP State Institute for Rural Development was actively pursued and accepted by the Government of India including funding for two positions of disaster management faculty.
The GoUP Steering Committee as well as the Executing Agency was particularly interested in assistance in preparing model Disaster Management Plans at Village and District level that could be used throughout the state, and in utilizing TA expertise to assist in the preparation/review of a State-level Disaster Management Plan. Following this, technical assistance was provided in Uttar Pradesh towards demonstrating the process of developing and linking disaster mitigation and management planning at various levels, as has been explained below. Two plans have been prepared for Kanpur and Maharajganj districts, which represent typical hazard prone districts in the state. These plans were reviewed and endorsed in district level meetings and workshops.
A second priority of the GoUP was improved capacity at the District level, both in comprehensive disaster management and in specific, calendar-related activities for mitigation and preparedness. The TA has therefore placed special emphasis on information exchange, standardized disaster assessment procedures and reporting at district and community levels. District plan workshops were held at District levels and several village level action plans were drafted through pilot workshops at village level and the same were shared with local NGOs at district level through two workshops.
Establishment of the Commissionerate of Disaster Management (CDM)
The establishment of the CDM, created out of the Relief Commissioner’s office with full technical manpower, is a priority. At the end of the TA, this was at an advanced stage of approval and a cabinet note had been submitted. This will enable a proactive approach to disaster management planning and mitigation in the state, with CDM serving as an anchoring agency.
Emergency Operations Centre
It is essential that an Emergency Operations Centre be established in UP, as per the blueprint for establishment and operation, with cost estimates prepared under the TA in close consultation with the Principal Secretary Revenue and Relief Commissioner. This EOC must be co located with the proposed CDM office and in close proximity of the Secretariat. It is also necessary that the EOC have an effective communication link with the Control room at the Central Govt (Ministry of Home Affairs) and also be well connected with the proposed District Control Rooms. At the end of the TA, the file with the proposal was with the Secretariat Administration department and Finance.
Disaster Management Cell at UPAA/SIRD
In March 02, the Govt of India approved the funding of two positions of Disaster management faculty for the Disaster Management Cell at the new UP Academy of Administration at the State Institute for Rural Development. This cell should begin functioning as soon as possible following recruitment and training of new staff, and serve as the technical support agency and training and outreach arm of the CDM.
Constitution of State Crisis Management Group and Preparation of a State Disaster Management Plan
This was first constituted by the State Govt in UP in July 2000 and mandated to prepare the state level disaster management plan. Since then it has met twice in the context of the TA. An expansion of this Group was endorsed at the Dec 01 workshop and roles and responsibilities of this group prepared in June 2002. Making this group operational and meeting periodically to prepare the state level disaster management plan is a priority task. Preparation of the state plan remains a priority task with leadership being provided by the CDM and technical support by the DM cell at SIRD. The state level planning exercise undertaken in Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttaranchal can serve as templates for the team embarking on the exercise. At the end of the TA, of 5 sub-committees that had been constituted in March 2002 for State Disaster Management Plan preparation, 2 had already convened and provided their recommendations.
District Disaster Management Plans In Maharajganj and Kanpur
The TA has produced Plan documents for both districts in an action oriented user-friendly format. While Maharajganj has focussed on floods, Kanpur plan focuses on industrial hazards, with a multi hazard approach. The Kanpur document outlines the multi-agency preparedness and response plan for dealing with all types of emergencies: natural disasters and man-made events. Important elements include planning, emergency response, hazard-specific measures, and inventory of resources. The goal of disaster management planning is the establishment of an Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS), which requires all the responder agencies, government agencies, private sector organizations, and NGOs to cooperate to reduce the consequences of natural, technological, and man-made disasters.
SOPs for all participating agencies have been developed, through a consultative process. The consultative process among all agencies, NGOs and Communities needs to continue and a transfer of ownership to the local administration needs to take place. In each location the District Disaster Management Committee under chairmanship of the DM needs to formally endorse the plan and agree on agencies responsible to complete all operational details and periodically update them. The committee needs to undertake joint multi agency training and also plan and undertake response exercises. A program of public outreach about the existence of these plans and the measures proposed is an important component of the planning process that should be undertaken.
Developing Disaster Management Plans for other districts and different levels of administration
The plans developed for Maharajganj and Kanpur offer practical templates for preparing plans in other similar districts throughout the state. The CDM (currently Relief Commissioner) should draw up a phased program for preparation of such plans in priority high-risk districts of the state. Instructions to DMs should be issued for preparation of the plans. The DM Cell in UPAA/SIRD can play the role of providing technical assistance.
While the various agencies involved in preparation of both village and district level plans appreciated the importance of both exercises, it was recognised that it was necessary to develop plans at block and tahsil levels as well. Similarly the involvement of agencies from both within and outside the Government and their sense of ownership and participation was held to be crucial.
Uttaranchal is a disaster prone state. Landslides, forest fires, cloudbursts and flash-floods are seasonal in nature and they strike at a certain period of the year with high frequency. Earthquakes are the most devastating disaster in the mountains and are unpredictable. So far, in the recent years (1990 onwards) Uttaranchal has experienced two major earthquakes (>6 magnitude) in Uttarkashi (1991) and Chamoli (1999) and a series of landslides/cloud burst such as Malpa (1998), Okhimath (1998), Fata (2001), Gona (2001), Khet Gaon (2002) and Budhakedar (2002).
Technical
Assistance to the Executing Agency: Shortly after the TA commenced,
Uttaranchal state was carved out of the parent state of Uttar Pradesh,
and with it, for the first time in India, the Ministry of Disaster Management
at state level was established. The executing agency within the state
for the TA was the office of the Commissioner of Disaster Management,
under the Ministry and TA consultants worked with the officials within
the Ministry and the Uttaranchal Academy of Administration to draw up
a framework for the establishment of the Disaster Mitigation and Management
Center (DMMC), as a ‘think tank’ to the Ministry to support
all government ministries/ officials with regard to hazard information
and mitigation/response options. In Uttaranchal, a new administrative
structure for disaster management has been put in place as shown below.
A significant outcome of the TA in this component has been the recognition given to, and empowering of, the leaders of disaster management in the state. The TA facilitated networking of like-minded individuals from National Committee for Disaster Management, UPAA, IIT Roorkee, experiences of groups in similar Himalayan topology, specifically those of NSET Nepal and various others, which has a real likelihood of producing a sustainable change in the level of preparedness for disaster in UA.
It became clear very early in the TA that more stakeholders had to be introduced to mitigation rather than to planning for relief. Our initial investigations found that there were excellent disparate efforts going on, but little co-ordination. Despite Uttaranchal having a world-renowned post-graduate school of earthquake engineering, there was no evidence of its presence having an impact on the design of construction in the state. Amongst professional engineers and architects, there was an acknowledgement of the need for seismic resistant design, but this was not being turned into compliance with existing codes of practice, often because of lack of confidence in the appropriateness of the building code.
Once the DMMC was established, preparation of guidelines and documentation for disaster mitigation & management organizational structure and procedures with the GoUA was undertaken under the TA. Documents were prepared, reviewed and published for:
- Structural Organization of Disaster Mitigation & Management Centre (DMMC) (Annex II-A: 9)
- Technical report on Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System, Information Technology and Communications System in Uttaranchal. (Annex II-J: 2)
- Guidelines and Operational Procedures for District Disaster Management Action Plans (DDMAPS) (Annex II-B: 1)
- Disaster Mitigation Strategy for UA (Annex II-F: 5)
- Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) Manual (Annex II-D: 9)
- District Control Room (DCR) Manual (Annex II-D: 10)
- Manual on warning & evacuation (Annex II-D: 11)
- Disaster Management Information System (DMIS) (Annex II-J: 3)
Activities in Uttaranchal, as in Uttar Pradesh, were focused on Disaster Management Planning at District and Village level. Two workshops were held in Rudraprayag and Chamoli where a wide-ranging multi- departmental review of these plans was undertaken. (Annex II-B: 2) through working with communities. At local level, the village action plans went a step further from planning, which involved assessment of their own living environment. 80 village level plans were prepared in high-risk villages of the state in districts located in zones with local landslide prone locations. In addition, one workshop for Village disaster intervention teams from 10 villages was conducted (Report in Annex I:5 b). Village Disaster Intervention teams are teams identified during the village plan preparation stage, which are to be the ‘first responders’ in the village. This is because Uttaranchal, being a mountainous state, access to remote places can often be difficult and it is necessary to build capacity at community level for emergency response.
Building centres have played a pivotal role in promoting safer building technologies and practices, the TA undertook two consultative reviews of the functioning of four building centres in Birahi, Ghat, Bela and Srikot by BMTPC and the structural engineer on the team (Annex II-G: 6 and 7). These reports were circulated and discussed at a workshop (see below).
A number of workshops involving middle level government officers, academicians and engineers were conducted over the term of the TA, following review reports by TA consultants, which were discussed during the workshops (Annex I:3) for list of workshops). These workshops were:
- Review of functioning of Building Centers, their role in Earthquake Resistant Construction and means to revitalize them (Annex I:5 b)
- Review of adequacy of current legislation in implementation of Building codes and means to improve implementation of codes (Annex I: 5 c)
- Review of current curriculum with regard to awareness about Earthquake Vulnerability of the state population and recommendations to include Earthquake Engineering in Civil Engineering curriculum (Annex I: 5 d)
Public
Awareness in Uttaranchal towards Earthquake Vulnerability:
Since Earthquakes cannot be predicted with certainty, nor stopped, the
most effective way of dealing with them has been through improved public
awareness. The TA has supported the development and dissemination of booklets,
pamphlets and videos on earthquake safe construction and retrofitting
for public awareness, which are listed under Component 2 for Earthquake
Risk Reduction in Uttaranchal. These publications were released by the
Minister for disaster management in July 02.
A major campaign to promote retrofitting in non- engineered buildings in rural areas was conducted. 13 workshops, one in each district, were held. Each workshop conducted demonstrated retrofitting practices. In addition, IIT Roorkee, under the TA, conducted 2 training courses on fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering (Annex I: 6) targeting engineers from various government departments, participants from polytechnics and state level engineering college. A major workshop, which brings together national and international experts of Earthquake Sciences and engineering, to chalk out an ‘action plan’ for Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in the state was conducted in October 2002 (Annex I:5)
Uttaranchal
Housing Scenario
The traditional houses in Uttaranchal are most appropriate for the local
climatic conditions. These houses are built using technologies that depend
upon the locally available skills and materials. The artisans building
with the traditional technologies, over the years, have lost the know-how
to build disaster resistant houses with the predominant use of the local
materials.
Stringent access restrictions on prime local construction materials (timber etc) is making the traditional construction extremely expensive. This is leading to a gradual elimination of local building materials and technologies from use, and adoption of non-local technologies that are not viable. The viability of the non-local technologies (such as RCC) is adversely affected by high transportation cost, little know-how of material behaviour as well as the unavailability of the suitable materials that have to be used with the non-local technologies.
The
house owners have little or no awareness about the dangers of a future
disaster and the ways the houses can be made stronger to withstand the
impact of a future disaster. It is difficulty for people to invest more
than their already stretched resources in their houses to build better.
There is little or no knowledge in the public about the alternate affordable
technologies. Nor do the people know that their vulnerability to future
disasters can be reduced through the use of suitable technologies for
the construction.
TA ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS UNDER
COMPONENT 1: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND PLANNING FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IN UTTARANCHAL
| Sub-Component No. | Activities in Uttaranchal | Output | ||
1.A |
The
TA consultants helped prepare and review the draft framework that
lead to the establishment of the Disaster Mitigation and Management
Centre in Uttaranchal.Workshop on Disaster Management System (DMS)
in UA, 10-11 April 2001, attended by Chief Minister, Minister of
Disaster Management, Chief Secretary, where they presented and discussed
the blueprint for Disaster Management in UA, the proposed Disaster
Management Information System (DMIS), and District Disaster Management
Action Plans; dissemination of DDMAPS among District Magistrates,
SPs, NGOs, CBOs, and experts. |
Disaster
Mitigation and Management Center established. Background paper on
Uttaranchal Government policies, strategies, institutional mechanisms
and planning for Disaster Mitigation and Management written. A number
of significant new Government Orders (GO) has now been approved
following the workshop on DMS/ acceptance of proposals. (Annex I:
8) |
||
1.B |
Analyze
lessons learned in other States for Institutional arrangements following
major disasters. Uttaranchal itself had had 2 major earthquakes
within a decade prior to the TA. Lessons learned from other states
such as Maharashtra and Orissa were summarized in a report |
Report
on Disaster Mgmt: Lessons drawn and Strategies for Future (Annex
II-A: 4)Report – Profile of India: giving background of disaster
situation in both states (Report II-A: 1) |
||
1.C |
Support
strengthening of DMMC and working towards establishment of an Emergency
Operations Center. Initial provision of key documents on Disaster
Mitigation & Management, floods, earthquakes and other topics,
as part of an information database for both states. These include
documents such as disaster management handbook, sample DM plans
and the Source book prepared by Ministry of Agriculture.Preliminary
structural evaluation and recommendations for improving earthquake
resistance for DMMC building in Dehradun (Annex II-F: 6). The paper
emphasizes the need for an earthquake-resistant structure to house
an EOC. The consultant supported this with an informal demonstration
of earthquake design principles. TA consultants during training
course on fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering identified DMMC
building as an unsafe structure, which was widely publicised in
the newspapers. |
TA
provided for basic electronic equipment, which will become key equipment
for the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). This is currently with
the Office of the Commissioner, Disaster Management. Towards the
end of the TA, additional equipment, as required, was purchased
for the DMMC. Small contribution made to library for DMMC. TA and
ADPC have helped supply current reading material to personnel from
DMMC as and when some suitable material was found. Repeated discussions
regarding the strengthening of structure of DMMC building has led
to discussions about housing DMMC in a safer building as demonstration
of the GoUA commitment to safer construction. |
||
1.D |
Assist
the responsible authorities in the formulation and updating of District
Disaster Management Action Plans. Uttaranchal has 13 districts,
for which DMMC had some basic Disaster Management Plans drafted.
The TA supported workshops for review and consultative evaluation
of 2 of the districts, name Chamoli and Rudraprayag, during which
plans were explained to the District officials and based on feedback
from participants, updated. Annex II-B: 2 |
Updated
District Disaster Management Action Plans (DDMAPs) for Chamoli and
Rudraprayag, 2 of the districts most vulnerable to earthquakes.Evaluation
of draft DDMAPs for 12 districts of Uttaranchal: Nainital, Almora,
Pithoragargh, Bageshwar, Champawat, Udhamsingh Nagar, Tehri, Pauri,
Dehradun, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Rudraprayag. |
||
1.E |
Organize
training programs as per the training needs and study tours as relevant
to GoUA personnel |
Ÿ
Study tour of 4 Government Officials to Nepal to observe the public
awareness work done for Nepal Earthquake Safety Day from 15-20 January,
02. (Annex I: 9)Ÿ Study tour of 5 very senior Government officials
(delegation head: Honorable Minister for Disaster Management, Dr.
Harak Singh Rawat) to Australia, New Zealand and Thailand from 9-19
May, 02 (Annex I: 9, 10)Ÿ One person from DMMC sent to Kathmandu
for attending a course on Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in
Cities – 1, from 20-31 May, 2002 Ÿ 2 training courses
on Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, conducted from 29 July
– 2 August, 02 and 16-20 October 02. Total 75 government engineers
trained (Annex I: 6)Ÿ One training workshop on Landslide Hazard
Mitigation in Uttaranchal on 21st October, 2002 Ÿ One state
level workshop on Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in Uttaranchal,
attended by senior level Government officials, organized on 24th
October, 2002 |
||
1.F |
Public
Awareness Material and manuals for functioning of DMMC as mentioned
earlier. These were developed specifically for the state and distributed
widely. The booklets and calendars and videos represent high quality
material contextualised for the hill districts of Uttaranchal. Master
copies and published sets have been supplied to the DMMC |
1.
Booklets in Hindi (3000 copies each) - Booklet on Repairs and Retrofitting
of houses- Booklet on Earthquake resistant house2. Leaflets in Hindi
(3000 copies each) - ‘Marammat’ - Repairs of houses
- ‘Majbootikaran’- Retrofitting of houses- ‘Bhukamp
Surakshit Ghar’ - Earthquake resistant housing3. Calendars
for year 2002 (3000 copies each) - Showing Earthquake Resistant
Construction methods4. Videos- ‘Shake table tests’ of
seismic performance of traditional versus retrofitted houses’
- Retrofitting of Traditional Housing |
||
1.H |
Provide
inputs to the state for designing activities and provide public
awareness material for State Day for Disaster Reduction (SDDR) in
UA. A list of probable events to be organized for public awareness
was prepared and discussed with the EA. |
Funding
for a painting competition and small events on State Day for Disaster
Reduction |
||
Enhancement of role of newly established Ministry of Disaster Management and DMMC: The most important need at the State level in Uttaranchal is to strengthen its capacity to undertake disaster mitigation strategies. The emphasis must be on proactive pre-disaster measures rather than post-disaster response. The state policy on disaster management needs to be formalized, emphasizing pre-disaster mitigation (prevention and preparedness) along with post-disaster relief and rehabilitation.
It becomes essential for a permanent administrative structure, within the Ministry of Disaster Management and the DMMC, involving local young professionals, for the following:
-
monitor the developmental activities across departments,
-
providing suggestions for incorporating necessary mitigation measures
-
provide an institutional memory for ongoing innovative initiatives in disaster mitigation and management
-
ensure proper enforcement of existing regulations and acts.
-
undertake consultancy/projects in the field for financial sustainability
The DMMC
should be developed as an ‘Autonomous’ centre taking on
the role of providing technical support and expertise for all disaster
management activities undertaken by various sectors.
Establishment
of Emergency Operations Centres at State and District level:
The TA strongly recommends that an Emergency Operations Centre under
that Ministry of Disaster Management be established on an urgent basis.
It is envisaged that the EOC will be equipped with effective communications
and other necessary electronic equipment with basic staff, which will
expand immediately in the event of a disaster with personnel from various
departments, including DMMC, working here. Basic equipment has already
been purchased under this TA and supplied to the Executing Agency. District
Emergency Operations Centre should also be established in all the 13
districts of Uttaranchal on the similar lines of EOC under the state
government. This should be undertaken on priority in the 4 districts
of Kumaon Commissionary located in Zone 5.
Act
and Legislation
DMMC has developed a draft Disaster Management Act, which should be
speedily reviewed and taken up for enactment. All existing policy guidelines
and omnibus orders including some GRs should be brought under the purview
of Disaster Management Legislation and R&R policy. The existing
ad-hoc measures have to be replaced to the extent possible with more
definite arrangements. The legislative framework involving Town and
Country Planning Acts, Area Development Control Rules and Building Regulations
needs to be modified, to ensure safety from hazards in all future planning
of habitations, expansion of existing structures and new construction
of various types of buildings. Strengthening regulatory mechanisms will
be essential to ensure compliance of the various components of techno-legal
aspects.
Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction Management Action Plan
An entire document spelling out key steps to be taken to integrate mitigation
into long term development processes of the state has been prepared
(Annex I: 12). The steps proposed here should be reviewed carefully;
and an action plan developed for implementation.
Immediate Actions
• New Government Buildings to Comply with National Building Code of India
• Government Order for Detailing of Steel Bars in Reinforced Concrete
• Level I Course in Earthquake-Resistant Construction
• Securing of Basic Electricity Supply Equipment
• State-Wide National Earthquake Day
Short-Term Actions (within 5 years)
• Emergency Operations Centre (EoC)
• Autonomous Disaster Management and Mitigation Centre
• State Registration of Experienced and Technically Qualified Engineers and Architects
• Earthquake-Resistant Construction Taught at the Undergraduate Level
• Securing of All Electricity Supply Equipment
• Encouragement Indian Society of Earthquake Technology to be Active throughout Uttaranchal
• The development of Infrastructure at the District Level
• Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
Medium-Term Actions (within 10 years), continued
• Advanced Warning Systems
• District Emergency Operations Control Rooms
• All Public Health Centres and Schools Safe
• Earthquake-Resistant Community Water Tanks
• Building Technology Centre Operational in each District
• Hazard Resistant Home Improvement Program (Annex II-G: 5)
School
Earthquake Safety Campaign
Schools are key community buildings that need to be protected, since
they serve as an important community shelter after an earthquake, and
also are ideal as demonstrative projects for communities. A special
campaign needs to be undertaken-
· To assess vulnerability to earthquakes and retrofit all public schools in the state
· To promote earthquake resistant construction in all new schools in the state
Techno-financial
aspects
Disaster safety must be an essential component in all projects supported
by various financing organizations. Housing and Construction Financing
institutions must include giving loans/grants for retrofitting of houses
and institutional/community buildings, which are found to be unsafe
to withstand earthquakes of intensities endangering life and property.
Insurance
Insurance is a mechanism for spreading the cost of losses both over
time and over a relatively large number of similarly exposed risks.
The introduction of disaster-linked insurance is recommended, but it
requires careful thought before implementation. One of the difficulties
in promoting disaster insurance is that those who are at highest risk
have the least capacity to pay the premiums. Possibilities of group/community
insurance could be explored, particularly for the marginalized communities.
The insurance agencies may be asked to promote a Community Rating System
to encourage communities to go beyond the required standards of minimum
safety.
Enhanced
capacity for Response and Rescue:
A task force for ‘Response and Rescue’ should be constituted
in Uttaranchal involving Police department as the ‘First Responders’.
Such task forces should be constituted at the State, District, Tahsil
and Village level, with training.
Issues at Policy Level that need to be addressed are as follows:
1. Policy Issues
· Mitigation regulations
· Incentives and resources for mitigation
· Conditions for relief
2. Administrative Issues
· Institutional and technical capabilities
· Enforcement
· Public information
3. Private Sector Issues
· Financing mitigation investment
· Insurance
· Safety standards
Integrating
Disaster Reduction in School and College Curriculum
It is recommended that the Board of Technical Education develop inclusion
of earthquake engineering fundamentals in the civil engineering curriculum
and pass the same. One of the state engineering colleges, should be
strengthened (Dwarahat college recommended during the workshop) for
teaching Earthquake Engineering curriculum in Civil Engineering for
Uttaranchal. Disaster Protection must be included in Primary to High
School Education, Institutes of Technology, Polytechnics and Engineering
Education (Curriculum development and training of teachers).
Human
Resources Development
· Training of Municipal and Panchayat personnel on Earthquake
Resistance Regulations Implementation
· Training of Masons on Retrofitting of Non-engineered structures
· Training of teachers on Earthquake Engineering Curriculu
· TV and Radio programs on Earthquake Preparedness and Preventative
Measures in new constructions and strengthening of existing buildings
· Demonstrative construction in rural and semi-urban areas
Public
Awareness
A State-wide Campaign for Disaster Reduction should be observed every
year during which massive public awareness programs need to be run.
This program will bring about awareness amongst the people about better
implementation of building codes, safer and low cost construction techniques
and they will be better prepared to deal with a disaster. Every year
the Disaster Reduction day must be observed in each district. Public
Awareness videos, calendars and booklets produced under this TA should
be utilised for this. Some evacuation drills could be taken up in schools
and other places of public gathering. There is a need to bring awareness
at all levels of society, first of all, a high-level awareness program
for decision makers regarding safety against natural hazards, which
could be inaugurated by Chief Minister. Over the years a state week
for disaster reduction could be observed starting from October 21 (anniversary
of Uttaranchal earthquake) to October 29 (National day for disaster
reduction and anniversary of Orissa cyclone).
Office of Relief Commissioner, Government of Uttar Pradesh
Ministry of Disaster Management, Government of Uttaranchal
Disaster Mitigation and Management Center, Government of Uttaranchal